Proline Kink Angle Distributions for GWALP23 in Lipid Bilayers of Different Thicknesses

by Rankenberg, J. M.; Vostrikov, V. V.; DuVall, C. D.; Greathouse, D. V.; Koeppe, R. E.; Grant, C. V.; Opella, S. J.

By using selected H-2 and N-15 labels, we have examined the influence of a central proline residue on the properties of a defined peptide that spans lipid bilayer membranes by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. For this purpose, GWALP23 (acetyl-GGALW(5)LALALALALALALW(19)LAGA-ethanolamide) is a suitable model peptide that employs, for the purpose of interfacial anchoring, only one tryptophan residue on either end of a central alpha-helical core sequence. Because of its systematic behavior in lipid bilayer membranes of differing thicknesses [Vostrikov, V. V., et al. (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285, 31723-31730], we utilize GWALP23 as a well-characterized framework for introducing guest residues within a transmembrane sequence; for example, a central proline yields acetyl-GGALW(5)LALALAP(12)ALALALW(19)LAGA-ethanolamide. We synthesized GWALP23-P12 with specifically placed H-2 and N-15 labels for solid-state NMR spectroscopy and examined the peptide orientation and segmental tilt in oriented DMPC lipid bilayer membranes using combined H-2 GALA and N-15-H-1 high resolution separated local field methods. In DMPC bilayer membranes, the peptide segments N-terminal and C-terminal to the proline are both tilted substantially with respect to the bilayer normal, by similar to 34 +/- 5 degrees and 29 +/- 5 degrees, respectively. While the tilt increases for both segments when proline is present, the range and extent of the individual segment motions are comparable to or smaller than those of the entire GWALP23 peptide in bilayer membranes. In DMPC, the proline induces a kink of, similar to 30 +/- 5 degrees, with an apparent helix unwinding or "swivel" angle of similar to 70 degrees. In DLPC and DOPC, on the basis of H-2 NMR data only, the kink angle and swivel angle probability distributions overlap those of DMPC, yet the most probable kink angle appears to be somewhat smaller than in DMPC. As has been described for GWALP23 itself, the C-terminal helix ends before Ala(21) in the phospholipids DMPC and DLPC yet remains intact through Ala(21) in DOPC. The dynamics of bilayer-incorporated, membrane-spanning GWALP23 and GWALP23-P12 are less extensive than those observed for WALP family peptides that have more than two interfacial Trp residues.

Journal
Biochemistry
Volume
51
Issue
17
Year
2012
Start Page
3554-3564
URL
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi300281k
ISBN/ISSN
1520-4995; 0006-2960
DOI
10.1021/bi300281k