Mediator-Free Self-Powered Bioassay for Wide-Range Detection of Dissolved Carbon Dioxide

by Heydari-Bafrooei, E.; Ensafi, A. A.; Afshari, M.; Dinari, M.; Ghafarinia, V.

Electrochemical sensors for the dissolved CO2 (dCO2) measurement have attracted great interest because of their simple setup and the resulting low costs. However, the developed sensors suffer from the requirement of the external electrical power supply throughout the sensing. Here, the fabrication and evaluation of a self-powered biosensor based on biofuel cells (BFCs) for dCO2 measurements are described. In this device, AuNPs-multiwalled carbon nanotubes/GOx-modified carbon paper (CP) served as a bioanode for the oxidation of glucose, while imine-linked covalent triazine framework (I-CTF)-modified CP was employed as the cathode for the reduction of Fe(CN)63-. I-CTF is a porous organic polymer with a high CO2 capture capacity. Voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the electron transfer of Fe(CN)63- on the I-CTF-modified electrode decreases after contacting I-CTF with dCO2. In the designed BFC, by capturing CO2 by the I-CTF-modified cathode, a significant decrease in open-circuit voltage (EOCV) of the BFC was observed, which can be used for the sensitive measurement of dCO2. In addition to the self-powering feature, the EOCV of the BFC sensor can be restored when the captured CO2 is desorbed from the I-CTF-modified cathode by increasing the temperature of the cathode. Finally, the BFC is integrated into a circuit containing a matching capacitor; the charges generated by the BFC are accumulated on the capacitor, and then the instantaneous current is quickly detected using a switching regulator and a digital multimeter. Under optimal conditions, the instantaneous current of the BFC sensor was found to sensitively respond to dCO2 in a wide concentration range from 1.3 x 10-5 to 0.252 atm with a low detection limit of 5 x 10-6 atm.

Journal
Analytical Chemistry
Volume
9
Issue
46
Year
2022
Start Page
16033-16041
URL
https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03021
ISBN/ISSN
1520-6882; 0003-2700
DOI
10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03021